Belief in Allah is the first and most important part of the Detailed Faith (Iman-e-Mufassal). It means believing in the Oneness of Allah's Being, Attributes, and Lordship. This topic covers the types...
Belief in Allah means to believe in the heart that Allah Almighty is One, He has no partner. He alone is the Creator, Sustainer, Owner, and Ruler. He alone is to be worshipped, no one else.
| Type | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Tawhid ar-Rububiyyah | Believing that Allah is the Creator, Owner, Sustainer, and Manager of everything | Only Allah sends rain, only Allah gives life and death |
| Tawhid al-Uluhiyyah | Worshipping only Allah, not associating anyone else in worship | Prayer, fasting, supplication, vows are only for Allah |
| Tawhid al-Asma wa as-Sifat | Affirming all of Allah's names and attributes as mentioned in the Quran and Hadith | Allah is As-Sami' (All-Hearing), Al-Baseer (All-Seeing), Al-Qadeer (All-Powerful) |
Essential Attributes: Al-Hayat (Life), Al-Ilm (Knowledge), Al-Qudrah (Power), As-Sam' (Hearing), Al-Basar (Sight), Al-Iradah (Will), Al-Kalam (Speech)
Free from resemblance: Allah is not like any creation. The Quran states: "There is nothing like unto Him." (Surah Ash-Shura 42:11)
"Amantu billahi" – I believe in Allah.
Angels are creations of Allah created from light. Only Allah knows their number. They are neither male nor female, do not eat or drink, do not get tired or sleep. They never disobey Allah.
| Name (AS) | Duty | Details |
|---|---|---|
| Jibreel (Gabriel) | Bringing revelation | Conveys Allah's message to the prophets |
| Mika'il (Michael) | Rain and sustenance | Delivers sustenance to creatures, sends rain |
| Israfil | Blowing the Trumpet | Will blow the Trumpet (Sur) on the Day of Judgment |
| Azra'il (Malak al-Mawt) | Taking souls | The Angel of Death who takes souls |
| Munkar and Nakir | Questioning in the grave | Will question the deceased in the grave |
| Raqeeb and 'Ateed (Kiraman Katibin) | Recording deeds | Two angels on the right and left, write good and bad deeds |
| Malik | Keeper of Hell | Guards Hellfire |
| Ridwan | Keeper of Paradise | Guards Paradise |
"Wa mala'ikatihi" – And I believe in His angels.
Allah revealed scriptures and books to various prophets to guide humanity. A Muslim believes that all these books were revealed by Allah.
| Book / Scripture | Prophet (AS) | Language / Details |
|---|---|---|
| Suhuf (Scrolls) | Ibrahim (Abraham) | Several scrolls, mostly on various topics |
| Suhuf (Scrolls) | Musa (Moses) | Given before the Torah |
| Tawrat (Torah) | Musa (Moses) | Major book for the Children of Israel |
| Zabur (Psalms) | Dawud (David) | A book of hymns and supplications |
| Injeel (Gospel) | Isa (Jesus) | Confirming the Torah |
| The Noble Quran | Muhammad (peace be upon him) | The final and complete book, guardian over previous books |
The final divine book; no need for any new book.
Completely preserved from alteration (tahrif) – Allah Himself took responsibility for its protection (Surah Al-Hijr 15:9).
Guidance for all of humanity.
Confirms all previous books.
"Wa kutubihi" – And I believe in His books.
Prophets are Allah's chosen servants upon whom revelation was sent. Allah did not leave any nation without guidance. The first prophet is Adam (AS) and the last prophet is Muhammad (peace be upon him).
The Quran mentions 25 prophets by name, but the total number is reported to be 124,000.
| Urdu Name | Arabic Name | Special Feature |
|---|---|---|
| Adam | Adam | First prophet, father of humanity |
| Idris | Idris | One with many scriptures |
| Nuh | Noah | Prophet of the great flood |
| Hud | Hud | Sent to the nation of 'Ad |
| Salih | Salih | Sent to the nation of Thamud |
| Ibrahim | Abraham | "Khalilullah" (Friend of Allah) |
| Lut | Lot | Sent to the nation of Lot |
| Isma'il | Ishmael | Prophet of sacrifice |
| Ishaq | Isaac | Father of Ya'qub |
| Ya'qub | Jacob | Given the title "Israel" |
| Yusuf | Joseph | Handsome prophet, minister of Egypt |
| Ayyub | Job | Prophet of patience |
| Shu'ayb | Shu'ayb | Sent to the people of Madyan |
| Musa | Moses | Kalimullah (Spoke directly with Allah) |
| Harun | Aaron | Brother and helper of Musa |
| Dhul-Kifl | Dhul-Kifl | Prophet of patience |
| Dawud | David | Given the Zabur, miracle of softening iron |
| Sulayman | Solomon | Ruled over birds and jinn |
| Ilyas | Elijah | Sent to the people of Ba'l |
| Al-Yasa | Elisha | Sent after Ilyas |
| Yunus | Jonah | The one swallowed by the fish |
| Zakariyya | Zechariah | Father of Yahya |
| Yahya | John | Prophethood in childhood, ascetic |
| Isa | Jesus | The Messiah, Spirit of Allah, miracle of raising the dead |
| Muhammad | Muhammad (peace be upon him) | Last prophet, Mercy to the Worlds |
| Attribute | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Sidq (Truthfulness) | Always truthful; never lied |
| Amanah (Trustworthiness) | Trustworthy; never betrayed |
| Tabligh (Conveyance) | Delivered Allah's message completely |
| Fatanah (Intelligence) | Extremely intelligent and wise |
| Ismah (Infallibility) | Protected from sins (major or minor) |
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) is the last prophet. No new prophet will come after him. The Quran states:
"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets." (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:40)
"Wa rusulihi" – And I believe in His messengers.
Belief in the Day of Judgment means believing that one day this world will come to an end. All the dead will be raised (Hashr) and will stand before Allah to be held accountable. The righteous will enter Paradise and the wicked will enter Hell.
Minor Signs (Already appeared / are happening):
Spread of dishonesty
Loss of knowledge and increase of ignorance
Widespread consumption of alcohol
Widespread fornication (zina)
Boasting and competing in building mosques
Time will draw near; months will become shorter (narrated in Ahadith)
The Ten Major Signs (In order):
| # | Sign | Details |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Appearance of Dajjal | The false messiah, blind in one eye |
| 2 | Descent of Prophet Isa (Jesus) AS | Will kill the Dajjal |
| 3 | Ya'juj and Ma'juj (Gog and Magog) | A barbaric tribe that will emerge |
| 4 | Sinking into the earth | In the East, West, and Arabia |
| 5 | Smoke (Dukhan) | Will cover the entire world |
| 6 | Rising of the sun from the West | After this, no repentance will be accepted |
| 7 | The Beast of the Earth (Dabbat al-Ard) | A beast will emerge from the earth |
| 8 | Destruction of Ya'juj and Ma'juj | Will be destroyed in one night |
| 9 | Three major eclipses | In the East, West, and Arabia |
| 10 | A fire that emerges | Will drive people to the field of Hashr |
| Stage | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Life in the Grave (Barzakh) | The period from death until Qiyamah |
| Blowing of the Trumpet (Sur) | Israfil (AS) will blow the first time – everyone will die |
| Resurrection (Ba'ath) | The second blowing of the Trumpet – all will rise alive |
| Gathering (Hashr) | All of humanity will be gathered in the field |
| Reckoning and Account | The book of deeds will be given (right-hand: happy, left-hand: wretched) |
| The Bridge (As-Sirat) | A bridge over Hell leading to Paradise – the righteous will cross, the wicked will fall |
| Intercession (Shafa'ah) | Prophets and righteous people will intercede for others |
| Paradise or Hell | The final destination |
"Wal yawmil akhir" – And I believe in the Last Day.
Belief in Divine Decree (Qadr) means believing that everything – good and bad (illness, poverty, death, etc.) – comes from Allah. Allah has written everything in advance, and nothing happens without His will.
| Level | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge (Ilm) | Allah has prior knowledge of everything | He knows what will happen tomorrow |
| Writing (Kitabah) | Allah wrote everything in the Preserved Tablet (Al-Lawh al-Mahfuz) | He wrote it 50,000 years before creation |
| Will (Mashi'ah) | Whatever Allah wills happens; whatever He does not will does not happen | Not even a leaf falls without Allah's will |
| Creation (Khalq) | Allah is the Creator of everything | Even human actions are created by Allah |
Muslims believe that Allah has given humans free choice.
Humans are responsible for their own actions (they are not forced/completely compelled).
Allah already knew what humans would do, but humans do it by their own choice.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said to Jibreel:
"Iman (faith) is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in divine decree (Qadr), both its good and its bad." (Muslim)
"Wa bil qadri khayrihi wa sharrihi min Allahi ta'ala"
"And I believe in divine decree, its good and its bad, from Allah Almighty."
| Pillar # | Pillar | Arabic Phrase |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Belief in Allah | Amantu billah |
| 2 | Belief in His Angels | Wa mala'ikatihi |
| 3 | Belief in His Books | Wa kutubihi |
| 4 | Belief in His Messengers | Wa rusulihi |
| 5 | Belief in the Last Day | Wal yawmil akhir |
| 6 | Belief in Divine Decree | Wa bil qadri khayrihi wa sharrihi min Allah |
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Total pillars in Iman-e-Mufassal | 6 |
| First pillar | Belief in Allah |
| Creator of angels | Allah |
| Angel who brings revelation | Jibreel (AS) |
| Angel who takes souls | Azra'il (AS) |
| Angel who will blow the Trumpet | Israfil (AS) |
| Last divine book | The Noble Quran |
| First prophet | Adam (AS) |
| Last prophet | Muhammad (peace be upon him) |
| Greatest major sign of Qiyamah | Rising of the sun from the West |
| The four levels of Qadr | Knowledge, Writing, Will, Creation |