Q
Hard 1 Mark
General Knowledge Islamic History
What social tension arose during the Umayyad Caliphate?
Explanation
The Umayyad focus on political authority and Arab identity created social tensions between Arab Muslims and non-Arab Muslims (Mawali), who felt marginalized despite being equal in Islam.
Reference: Islamic History - General Knowledge , Page 2
Hint
Non-Arab Muslims (called Mawali) were often treated as second-class citizens.
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