Computer Studies

Includes fundamentals of computers, hardware and software, operating systems, MS Office, internet, networking, and basic IT concepts for recruitment exams.

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1
Which of the following statements about an interpreter is TRUE?
Hard 1 Mark
No executable file is created by an interpreter.
A It translates the whole program at once
B It generates a separate executable file
C It produces faster execution than a compiler
D It does not generate a separate executable file
2
What is 'Segmentation' in memory management?
Hard 1 Mark
Segments are logical divisions — unlike pages which are fixed-size.
A Dividing memory into fixed-size blocks
B Assigning memory addresses to processes randomly
C Dividing memory into logical sections based on program structure
D Encrypting memory contents for security
3
Which register pair works together during memory access — one holding the address and one holding the data?
Hard 3 Marks
One register holds where to look the other holds what is found there.
A PC and IR
B ACC and PC
C MAR and MDR
D IR and ACC
4
A program instruction says: add two numbers and store the result. Which sequence of CPU components is involved?
Hard 3 Marks
Trace the instruction through each CPU component in order.
A CU fetches then IR decodes then MAR executes
B PC provides address CU fetches and decodes ALU adds ACC stores result
C MDR fetches ALU decodes CU executes
D IR fetches MAR decodes MDR executes
5
Which of the following correctly identifies all three main CPU components and their roles?
Hard 3 Marks
Match each component to its specific role — control calculate or store.
A CU performs calculations ALU controls data flow Registers store programs permanently
B CU controls and coordinates ALU performs arithmetic and logic Registers provide fast temporary storage
C CU stores data ALU fetches instructions Registers decode operations
D CU manages secondary storage ALU manages primary memory Registers manage I/O devices
6
If the Program Counter currently holds address 100 and an instruction is fetched what value will the PC most likely hold next?
Hard 3 Marks
The PC must always point to the NEXT instruction — what address comes after 100?
A Still 100
B 99 (decremented by 1)
C 101 (address of the next instruction)
D 0 (reset after each fetch)
7
What is the difference between the CU and the ALU?
Hard 3 Marks
One manages and one calculates — which does which?
A CU performs calculations while ALU controls data flow
B CU controls and coordinates operations while ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations
C Both the CU and ALU perform the same tasks
D CU stores data while ALU stores instructions
8
Which cache level is shared between CPU cores?
Hard 3 Marks
Think about which cache level provides a common resource for multiple cores.
A L1 cache
B L2 cache
C L3 cache
D All cache levels are shared
9
Arrange the following from fastest to slowest: RAM Cache Secondary Storage
Hard 3 Marks
Speed decreases as distance from the CPU increases.
A Cache then Secondary Storage then RAM
B RAM then Cache then Secondary Storage
C Secondary Storage then RAM then Cache
D Cache then RAM then Secondary Storage
10
Why is secondary storage slower than primary memory?
Hard 3 Marks
Think about how directly RAM connects to the CPU compared to a hard drive.
A Because secondary storage uses binary and primary memory uses decimal
B Because secondary storage is connected via USB and primary memory is not
C Because primary memory (RAM) is directly accessed by the CPU while secondary storage requires additional access mechanisms
D Because secondary storage is cheaper and cheaper always means slower
11
Which of the following lists memory types in correct order from most permanent to least permanent?
Hard 3 Marks
Permanent means data survives power off — which types keep data without power?
A Cache then RAM then ROM then Secondary Storage
B RAM then ROM then Cache then Secondary Storage
C ROM then Secondary Storage then RAM then Cache
D Secondary Storage then RAM then Cache then ROM
12
How many rows in the NAND gate truth table produce output 0?
Hard 3 Marks
NAND is the complement of AND — AND has one row with output 1 so NAND has one row with output 0.
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3
13
How many rows in a 2-input NOR gate truth table produce output 1?
Hard 3 Marks
NOR is the complement of OR — OR has one row with output 0 so NOR has one row with output 1.
A 0
B 1
C 2
D 3
14
What does the expression Y = (A · B) + C mean?
Hard 3 Marks
Evaluate the brackets first then apply the OR operation.
A Y is true only when A B and C are all true
B Y is true if both A and B are true OR if C is true
C Y is true only when C is true
D Y is always false when A is false
15
What is the key difference between combinational and sequential circuits?
Hard 3 Marks
What do sequential circuits have that combinational circuits do not?
A Combinational circuits are faster than sequential circuits
B Sequential circuits use only AND and OR gates while combinational use NOT
C Combinational circuits have no memory; sequential circuits include memory elements
D Sequential circuits can only count; combinational circuits only add
16
Which of the following best describes why universal gates are widely used in integrated circuits?
Hard 3 Marks
Think about manufacturing advantages of using just one type of gate.
A They consume less electricity than other gates
B They can recreate any other gate reducing the variety of components needed in manufacturing
C They produce faster outputs than AND and OR gates
D They are the only gates that support 3-input operations
17
What is the decimal value of binary 1101?
Hard 3 Marks
Work through each bit position using powers of 2 starting from the rightmost bit.
A 11
B 12
C 13
D 14
18
What is the decimal value of binary 1111?
Hard 3 Marks
All four bits are 1 — add up all four powers of 2.
A 13
B 14
C 15
D 16
19
What is the decimal equivalent of hexadecimal 2A?
Hard 3 Marks
Remember A=10 then multiply each digit by its power of 16.
A 22
B 32
C 40
D 42
20
What is 1010 - 0011 in binary?
Hard 3 Marks
Convert to decimal: 10-3=7 then convert 7 back to binary to verify.
A 0110
B 0111
C 1000
D 1001
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