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1

What social tension arose during the Umayyad Caliphate?

Hard 1 Mark

Non-Arab Muslims (called Mawali) were often treated as second-class citizens.

A Conflict between Muslims and Christians only

B Tension between Arab and non-Arab Muslims due to focus on political authority

C Conflict over trade routes

D Disagreements about prayer methods

2

What happened to Islamic civilization after the Mongol invasion of 1258 CE?

Hard 1 Mark

Political power ended in Baghdad, but Islamic civilization survived and continued elsewhere.

A It collapsed entirely and permanently

B It immediately recovered within a year

C Islamic civilization continued to flourish despite the end of Abbasid political power

D It moved to Spain permanently

3

What does the rapid spread of Islam beyond Arabia demonstrate?

Hard 1 Mark

Islam spread through a combination of military expansion, trade, and genuine conversion.

A That it was spread only by military force

B That early Muslims were economically powerful

C The appeal of Islamic principles and effective leadership of early caliphs

D That the Arabian Peninsula was overpopulated

4

What year did the spread of Islam beyond Arabia begin most rapidly?

Hard 1 Mark

Each caliphate contributed to Islamic expansion — no single one can be credited alone.

A During Abu Bakr's caliphate from 632 CE

B During Umar's caliphate from 634 CE

C During the Umayyad period from 661 CE

D All of the above are correct

5

What is the broader significance of Islamic civilization's contributions to humanity?

Hard 1 Mark

The Islamic Golden Age preserved and advanced human knowledge at a critical period in history.

A It only benefited Muslim countries

B It shaped global knowledge, shaping education, science, governance, and culture that influenced Europe and Asia for centuries

C It was limited to the medieval period with no lasting impact

D It primarily advanced military technology

6

Why did the Quraysh try to capture the Prophet during the Hijra?

Hard 1 Mark

They planned to kill him before he could safely reach Medina.

A Because he owed them money

B Because he had taken their property

C Because they wanted to stop the migration and eliminate the Muslim leader

D Because he had insulted their gods publicly

7

What was the long-term effect of the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah?

Hard 1 Mark

Short-term compromise for long-term gain — a strategic masterpiece.

A It weakened the Muslim community

B It led to peace and allowed Islam to spread rapidly

C It divided the Muslims into two factions

D It gave the Quraysh full control of Mecca

8

In which year was the music of Pakistan's national anthem composed?

Hard 1 Mark

Music composed: 1949. Officially adopted: 1954. Two different years.

A 1947

B 1949

C 1952

D 1954

9

Why were cotton, wheat, tea, and jute chosen for Pakistan's national emblem shield?

Hard 1 Mark

The choice reflects the economic importance of farming in Pakistan.

A They are the most expensive crops

B Agriculture has historically played a vital role in Pakistan's economy

C They are grown in all four provinces

D They were Jinnah's favorite crops

10

Leather goods and carpets are categorized under which sector of Pakistan's economy?

Hard 1 Mark

These are value-added products made from local raw materials and sold abroad.

A Agriculture

B Imports

C Exports

D Banking

11

Which institutions besides banks are part of Pakistan's financial system?

Hard 1 Mark

A financial system is broader than just commercial banks.

A Only agricultural cooperatives

B Insurance companies, investment firms, and microfinance banks

C Only the government treasury

D Only the State Bank

12

Which combination best describes what national income depends on in Pakistan?

Hard 1 Mark

No single sector alone determines national income.

A Only government taxation

B Agriculture, industry, trade, and financial services working together

C Only foreign remittances

D Only export earnings

13

Which is the longest river among Punjab's five rivers?

Hard 1 Mark

Compare the five rivers' lengths.

A Jhelum

B Chenab

C Ravi

D Sutlej

14

Which river is the longest in Balochistan?

Hard 1 Mark

Flows through a famous national park.

A Dasht River

B Hab River

C Hingol River

D Nari River

15

Who made the first ascent of Nanga Parbat?

Hard 1 Mark

An Austrian climber, historic solo summit.

A Edmund Hillary

B Tenzing Norgay

C Hermann Buhl

D Reinhold Messner

16

Which is the world's highest battlefield, located in Pakistan?

Hard 1 Mark

A costly and high-altitude conflict zone.

A Kargil

B Siachen Glacier

C Saltoro Ridge

D K2 Base Camp

17

What is the length of the Biafo Glacier in Pakistan?

Hard 1 Mark

Connects to form a mega-glacier system.

A 49 km

B 57 km

C 62 km

D 63 km

18

What is the estimated coal reserve in the Thar Desert?

Hard 1 Mark

One of the largest coal reserves globally.

A 50 billion tons

B 100 billion tons

C 145 billion tons

D 175 billion tons

19

Haleji Lake in Sindh is significant because it is a:

Hard 1 Mark

Ramsar = international wetland designation.

A Largest man-made lake

B Cold water reservoir

C Wildlife sanctuary and Ramsar site

D Industrial water source

20

Which location in Balochistan receives the lowest annual rainfall in Pakistan?

Hard 1 Mark

Far western Balochistan, near the Iran border.

A Gwadar

B Kharan

C Nok Kundi

D Turbat

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